IEC 60320 is an international standard that defines appliance couplers for household and similar general-purpose applications. It specifies a family of standardized connectors used to connect electrical equipment to a power supply in a safe, consistent, and interchangeable way. The standard is widely applied in products such as computers, office equipment, audio devices, kitchen appliances, and many other consumer or professional electrical products.The main purpose of IEC 60320 is to improve safety, usability, and compatibility. By standardizing the shape, dimensions, ratings, and performance requirements of couplers, the standard helps ensure that plugs and connectors fit correctly and reduce the risk of accidental disconnection, overheating, or electrical shock. It also makes it easier for manufacturers to design equipment that can be used in different markets with fewer changes to the power connection system.IEC 60320 covers both inlet and outlet couplers. An inlet is the part installed on an appliance that receives power, while an outlet is the detachable cord connector that plugs into the inlet. The standard includes several common types, each identified by a specific code. These couplers are designed for different current, voltage, temperature, and grounding requirements. Some types are intended for lower current applications, while others are used for higher power equipment. Certain versions include protective earthing, while others are two-pole only.A key feature of the standard is that it defines mechanical and electrical compatibility. The couplers are shaped so that only matching parts can be connected, helping prevent incorrect use. The standard also sets requirements for materials, contact resistance, insulation, endurance, and temperature rise. These requirements are important because appliance couplers may be used repeatedly over long periods and must maintain reliable performance under normal operating conditions.IEC 60320 also supports global trade and product design. Since many countries recognize or adopt the standard, manufacturers can create products that are easier to market internationally. This reduces the need for custom connector designs and simplifies the supply of replacement power cords. In addition, standardized couplers help service personnel and users replace damaged cords more easily.Another important aspect is safety certification and compliance testing. Products using IEC 60320 connectors are often evaluated according to the electrical and mechanical requirements in the standard. Testing may include insertion and withdrawal force, durability, flammability, and resistance to heat. These tests help confirm that the coupler will perform safely during normal use and under expected stress conditions.In practical use, IEC 60320 has become one of the most familiar connector standards in electrical equipment. Its success comes from combining simplicity, reliability, and broad compatibility. By providing a clear framework for appliance power connections, the standard continues to play an important role in modern electrical product design and international standardization.